Apparatus for waving hair



Jan. 8, 1935. H. BONAT APPARATUSJFOR WAVING HAIR Filed March 8, 1934 INVENTOR ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES APPARATUS ron wAvme mm Harry Bonat, New York, N. Y. Application March a, 1934, Serial No. 714,62

16 Claims.

This inventign relates to the artof waving hair upon the uman head to produce so-called permanent waves of the croquignole. type, and particularly to improved devices for securing or clamping strands of hair to be wound on rollers and subsequently treated to produce the desired waves.

It is the object of the invention to provide s ple, inexpensive, but effective clamping devices which are easily oper release the strands of hair.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent as it is better understood by reference to the following specification and the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the assembled devices for imparting a wave to the hair;

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the same assembly; I Fig. 3 is a plan view of a clamp adapted to be utilized for securing a strand of hair;

Fig. 41s a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a plan section of a modified type of clamping device; I

Fig. 6 is a view similarto Fig; 5, illustrating the parts in different positions;

Fig. '7 is an end elevation of the structure-shown inFig. 5;

Fig. ,8 is a planv detail of a as shown in Figs. 5 and 6;

Fig. 9 is a detail in perspective of a pawl forming a part of the clamping device; and

Fig. is a plan section of a modified form of clamp.

part of the device Referring to the drawing, and particularly Figs. 1 and 2 thereof, the devices adapted to produce the croq ignole wave are illustrated in membled relation and, with the exception of the improved clamp, are those described in U. S Letters Patent No. 1,921,802 for Method of waving hair. According to that method, the hair is separated into strands, each of which is clamped in round or rope form adjacent the head and then spread fanwise and wound on a roller which is supported by the clamp. The hair is then moistened and enclosed in a suitable wrapper and in a heating device which is adapted to apply the heat necessary to impart the desired wave to the hair.

A protecting pad 5 of insulating material is so disposed as to protect the head, anda strand of hair 6 is drawn-through a slot in the pad and is secured by a clamp 7 hereinafter more fully described. The free end of the strand is wound upon a roller 8 which is supported in yokes 9 at facilitate the use of the heating device.

able to clamp and to' the ends of the clamp 7. The wound strand, after being moistened with a suitable lotion, is sur-' rounded by a pad 10 and enclosed by the arcuate heating members 11 having electrical heating elements 12 therein which are connected to arms 5 13 pivoted at 14 with operating handles 15 to Cur-' rent is supplied through conductors 16'to the heating elements 12 whereby necessary heat is supplied. It will be noted particularly by refer- 10 ence to Fig. 2 that the strand of hair is spread fanwise on the roller 8 as itis wound thereon. The roller is provided with ratchet teeth 1'] adapted to engage a pawl18 on one of the yokes 9 whereby unwinding of the hair is prevented. 15 A knurled head 19 facilitates winding of the hair.

As hereinbefore indicated, the invention relates more particularly to clamping devices adapted'to secure the strands of hair. An improved clampedges of the li-sh'aped member 20 are cut away i at 23 and provided with recemes 24 preferably of semi-circular form. The contiguous edge of the plate 21 is similarly cut away at 25, and is provided with a recess 26 also preferably of semicircular form, so that as the plate 21 swings 30. upon its pivot tdtheposition indicated in Fig. 3, the strand of hair which may be introduced when the parts are in the position indicated in Fig. 4 is gripp d in the recesses 24 and 26.

To secure the strand 'of hair, I provide ratchet teeth 27 on the free end of the plate, 21 and a pawl 28 having teeth 29 which is engaged by a I spring 30 mounted on a pin 81 in 'the member 20. The pawl 28 has a threaded extension 32 and a nut 33 is disposed thereon. When the pawl 28 is in the position indicated in Fig. 4, the plate 21 may be released readily therefrom. By tuming the nut 33, the pawl may. be drawn upwardly, and if the plate 21 is then moved to its clampingposition; the teeth 27 thereon will engage the teeth 29 and the plate 2l will be held in clamping position. By turning the nut 33, the pressure of the plate on the strand of hair may be increased or decreased as desired.

In Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive, I have illustrated 0.

thereof.

40 and recesses 41, is slidably mounted within the U-shaped member 35. A fingerpiece 42 with a corrugated edge 43 projects through a slot 44 at the back of the U-shaped member 35 to facilitate movement of the plate 39. As indicated in Fig. 5, the plate 39 can be moved so that a strand of hair is held between the edges of the recesses 38 and 41.

To lock the plate 39 in the desired position, I provide ratchet teeth 45 thereon to co-operate with teeth 46 on a pawl 47 having a slot 48 which engages a pin 49 and a threaded projection 50 carrying a nut 51. The slot 48 is curved and consequently, as the pawl is moved in and out, the teeth. 46 travel transversely of the U-shaped member-35. When the pawl 47 is in the position indicated in Fig. 6, the teeth 46 disengage the teeth 45 and the plate 39 is free to move in either direction. By turning the nut 51, the teeth'46 may be made to engage the teeth 45 when-the plate 39 is in the position indicated in Fig. 5, and the plate 39 may be movedto firmly grip and hold the strand of hair.

In Fig. 10, I have illustrated the application of the cam type pawl to the clamp as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Thus the U-shaped member 52 having yokes 53 is provided with a plate 54 pivoted at 55. Co-operating recesses 56 and 57 afford a grip for the strand of hair. Ratchet teeth 58 on the plate, 54 are, adapted to engage similar teeth 59 on the pawl 60 having a slot 61 engaging a pin 62. A nut 63 is disposed on the threaded end 64. As the nut 63 is turned, the pawl 60 is moved into or out of engagement with the teeth 58. When the teeth are engaged, the plate 54 may be moved to firmly grip a strand of hair in the recesses 56 and 57.

The clamp in the various forms described is easily operated and controlled and can be utilized to grip a strand of hair so that in the subsequent winding of the hair on-the roller no strain is transmitted to the scalp. Furthermore, the structure is such that steam or hot water are prevented from passing through the clamp and thus coming into contact with the scalp. Possible injury to the scalp is thereby obviated. These and other advantages facilitate the permanent waving operation and enable the operator to proceed more efiiciently and to produce waves of a satisfactory character.

Various changes may be made in the detailsof procedure and the mode of operation, and especially in the details of construction. of the clamps as described without departing from the invention or sacrificing any of the advantages I claim:

1. A clamp adaptedto secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together after they have been brought into initial engagement with the strand of hair to cause the hair to be tightly gripped by said members, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

2. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in whioh the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable spring actuated pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

3. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses iniwhich the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable cam directed pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

4. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively'movable pivotally connected members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

5. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable pivotally connected members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable spring actuated pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

6. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable pivotally connected members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable cam directed pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

7. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two members slidably and relatively movable and having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together after they have been brought into initial engagement with the strand of hair to cause the hair to be tightly gripped by said members, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

8. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two members slidably and relatively movable and having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teethon one of the members and a manually adjustable cam directed pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth.

9. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member supported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand -is engaged, and means for drawing the members together after they have been brought into initial engagement with the strand of hair to cause the hair to be tightly gripped by said members including manually adjustable means on one of the members adapted to engage the other.

- 10. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member sup-- ported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposedrecesses in which the strand is engaged, and means for drawing the members together including manually adjustable spring actuated means on one of the members adapted to engage the other.

11. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member sup- 1,987,280 ported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged, and means for drawing the members together including manually adjustable cam directed means on one of the members adapted to engage the other.

12. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member pivotally supported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged,'and means for drawing the members together including manually adjustable means on one of'the members adapted to engage the other.

13. .A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member slidably supported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged, and means for drawing the members together after they have been brought into initial engagement with the strand of hair to cause the hair to be tightly gripped by said members including manually adjustable means on one of the membersadapted to engage the other.

14. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair 3 comprising a U-shaped member, a member pivotally supported in and movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged, and means for drawing the members together including manually adjustable spring actuated means on one of the members adapted to engage the other 15. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising a U-shaped member, a member slidably supported in and. movable relatively to the U-shaped member, each member having contiguous and oppositely disposed re'cesses in which the strand is engaged, and means for drawing the members together including manually adjustable cam directed means on one of the members adapted to engage the other.

16. A clamp adapted to secure a strand of hair comprising two relatively movable members having contiguous and oppositely disposed recesses in which the strand is engaged and means for drawing the members together, including ratchet teeth on one of the members and a manually adjustable pawl adapted to engage the ratchet teeth, said pawl being screw actuatable to cause the relatively movable members to tightly grip the strand of hair.

HARRY BONAT. 

